Adaptación mediante el modelo de Rasch de tres medidas para estimar la decisión e indecisión de carrera y la ansiedad decisional.
Resumen
La transformación del mundo laboral, determinada por los avances tecnológicos, y la velocidad cada vez mayor en la que se transforman las ocupaciones actuales, un número creciente de personas se enfrentan a la necesidad de familiarizarse con nuevas profesiones e industrias, las cuales podrían ofrecer nuevas oportunidades de empleo y perspectivas de carrera. En función de ello, resulta sumamente relevante que los orientadores de carrera cuenten con herramientas adaptadas, acordes al contexto actual, que les permitan lograr mejoras en el proceso de elección de carrera, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar tres medidas, de amplio uso internacional y adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, que permiten estimar el nivel de decisión e indecisión de carrera y de ansiedad decisional, a la población hispanohablante. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 658 estudiantes argentinos, de los cuales 365 (55.5%) fueron de sexo femenino y 292 (44.4%) de sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 19 años (M = 16.56; DE = .754), pertenecientes a escuelas tanto públicas (32.8%) como privadas (67.2%). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y se aplicó el modelo de escala de clasificación, derivado del modelo de Rasch, para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas. A partir de los resultados se obtuvieron tres medidas con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas. Dichos instrumentos podrán ser utilizados por profesionales de orientación vocacional con el objetivo de realizar diagnósticos más precisos y diseñar intervenciones que permitan fomentar un adecuado proceso de elección.
Adaptation of three measures to estimate career decision and indecision and decisional anxiety using the Rasch model
Abstract
The transformation of the current work-force determined by the technological advances affects and presents new challenges to the career decision-making process. As a result, and given the increasing speed at which current occupations are transformed an increasing number of people face the need to become familiar with new occupations and industries which could offer new employment opportunities and career perspectives. Based on this, it is extremely important that career counselors count on adapted tools to enable them achieve some improvement in the decision-making process; therefore, the main purpose of this study was to adapt three widely used measures and with adequate psychometrics properties to assess the level of career decision or indecision and the decisional anxiety within the Spanish-speaking population. The sample consisted of 658 Argentine students who attended high school, 365 of which (55.5%) were female and 292 (44.4%) male, aged between 15 and 19 years (M = 16.56; SD = .754), belonging to both public (32.8%) and private (67.2%) schools. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out and the classification scale model,- derived from the Rasch model-, was applied to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scales. From the results the factorial structure of the scales was confirmed and three measures with adequate psychometric properties were obtained. These instruments may be used by career counselors to optimize the career decision-making process. The practical and methodological implications are discussed as well as the limitations of the present study.
Keywords: Career Decision – Making - Career Choice Anxiety - Item Response Theory (IRT) - Rating Scale Model (RSM).
Citas
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