Teoría de la Autodeterminación: Una revisión teórica
Resumen
Se presenta una revisión de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (TAD), propuesta como una macroteoría de la motivación humana en la que ésta es entendida como la energía, dirección, persistencia y finalidad de los comportamientos, incluyendo intenciones y acciones. Para introducir sus antecedentes teóricos se resume una selección de los principales abordajes clásicos (instintivista, psicoanalítico, conductista, humanista, motivos sociales) y actuales (teorías de la atribución, de metas y social cognitiva). La TAD destaca como uno de los enfoques vigentes y difundidos. Se detallan sus características salientes y las subteorías que la componen. La teoría de las necesidades psicológicas básicas trata la energización del comportamiento. Las cuatro restantes – teorías de las orientaciones causales, de la evaluación cognitiva, de la integración orgánica y del contenido de metas- describen los procesos que direccionan la conducta. La capacidad explicativa del modelo permite su aplicación en diversos ámbitos de las actividades humanas. Finalmente, se discuten sus nexos con los abordajes actuales.
Citas
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